Module.H

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// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// JeVois Smart Embedded Machine Vision Toolkit - Copyright (C) 2016 by Laurent Itti, the University of Southern
// California (USC), and iLab at USC. See http://iLab.usc.edu and http://jevois.org for information about this project.
//
// This file is part of the JeVois Smart Embedded Machine Vision Toolkit.  This program is free software; you can
// redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
// Foundation, version 2.  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
// without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public
// License for more details.  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program;
// if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
//
// Contact information: Laurent Itti - 3641 Watt Way, HNB-07A - Los Angeles, CA 90089-2520 - USA.
// Tel: +1 213 740 3527 - itti@pollux.usc.edu - http://iLab.usc.edu - http://jevois.org
// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*! \file */
 
#pragma once
 
#include <jevois/Image/RawImage.H>
#include <jevois/Core/InputFrame.H>
#include <jevois/Core/OutputFrame.H>
#include <jevois/Core/VideoBuf.H>
#include <jevois/Core/UserInterface.H> // not strictly needed but derived classes will want to use it
#include <jevois/Component/Component.H>
#include <jevois/Types/ObjReco.H>
#include <jevois/Types/ObjDetect.H>
#include <jevois/Types/Enum.H>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <memory>
#include <ostream>
 
#ifdef JEVOIS_PRO
#include <jevois/GPU/GUIhelper.H> // not strictly required but derived classes may want to use it
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp> // glm::translate, glm::rotate, glm::scale, glm::perspective
#endif
 
namespace jevois
{
  class VideoOutput;
  class Engine;
  
  //! Virtual base class for a vision processing module
  /*! Module is the base class to implement camera-to-USB frame-by-frame video processing. The Engine instantiates one
      class derived from Module, according to the current VideoMapping selected by the end user (e.g., current image
      resolution, format, and frame rate setected by a webcam viewing program on a host computer). The Module is loaded
      as shared object (.so) file according to the VideoMapping definitions in videomappings.cfg and the current
      VideoMapping selected by the user.
 
      Module derives from Component and as such can contain:
 
      - any number of Parameter settings
 
      - any arbitrarily complex sub-hierarchy of Component objects to implement various functionality. Parameter
        settings from all the sub-components are available to the Module and to users connected over Serial ports of the
        Engine.
 
      This allows one to implement complex vision processing pipelines efficiently and with substantial code re-use. For
      example, one may first want to implement an EdgeDetector or Saliency component, with Parameter settings for
      various thresholds, features, etc. One can then create any number of top-level objects that derive from Module and
      that may contain one or more EdgeDetector, Saliency, etc components in their hierarchy of sub-components, with the
      implementation in the module simply routing images from one Component to another to create a processing pipeline.
 
      Classes that derive from Module should implement up to four functions:
 
      - process(InputFrame && inframe, OutputFrame && outframe) is called once per iteration of the Engine main loop
        when the current VideoMapping specifies both a particular Camera resolution and format, and a USB resolution and
        format. This function should process the received input frame and fill the pixel buffer of the output frame with
        results. Memory has already been allocated for both the input and output images before process() is
        called. Because the output image is actually allocated by the USB Gadget driver (and, ultimately, by the Linux
        kernel), its pixel memory location cannot be moved (hence, do not attempt to copy the output image or replace it
        by another image, etc; just write pixel data into the output image's pixel array). There is no restriction on
        video modes or frame rates, except as suported by the Camera hardware, and as limited by USB bandwidth. For most
        implementations, matching the input and output frame rate is easiest, and means that each invocation of
        process() would access and use both of the provided InputFrame and OutputFrame (one-input-to-one-output
        processing pipeline). But this is not mandatory. For example, a motion flow computation Module for use in a
        flying drone may have 320x240 YUYV 53.0fps inputs and 100x142 GREY 10.6fps output (since output frame rate is 5x
        lower than input in this example, the process() function would here get, fill, and send the OutputFrame only
        once every 5 times it is called; implementation of the process() function should keep track of that, e.g.,
        through a member variable that gets incremented each time process() is called). In addition to filling the pixel
        data of the OutputFrame, process() may also send results over the serial ports (e.g., for use by an Arduino
        connected to the JeVois platform hardware) using sendSerial().
 
      - process(InputFrame && inframe) is called once per Camera frame when the current VideoMapping specifies a
        particular Camera resolution and format, and NONE as USB output format. This function should process the
        received input frame and would typicaly then send results to serial ports (e.g., for use by an Arduino connected
        to the JeVois platform hardware) using sendSerial(). There is no restriction on video modes or frame rates,
        except as suported by the Camera hardware.
 
      - parseSerial(std::string const & str, std::shared_ptr<UserInterface> s) allows the Module to support custom user
        commands. Engine will forward to this function any command received over Serial or other UserInterface that it
        does not understand. You should use this for things that go beyond Parameter settings (which is already natively
        supported by Engine) or built-in commands of Engine (see \ref UserCli). For example, one could implement here a
        command called "start" to allow users to start some specific thing.
 
      - supportedCommands(std::ostream & os) should stream out a human-readable description of any custom commands
        supported by parseSerial(). These will be shown to users when they type "help" over a Serial port.
 
      \note Every module implementation file should contain a call to #JEVOIS_REGISTER_MODULE(MODULENAME) for the
      module's class. This creates some plain-C entry points that will be used when the module is loaded from a dynamic
      library (.so) file to instantiate the module. See \ref ModuleTutorial for examples.
 
      \ingroup core */
  class Module : public Component
  {
    public:
      //! Constructor
      /*! the instance is a user-defined string that may be used to differentiate between several instances of the
          same module. */
      Module(std::string const & instance);
 
      //! Virtual destructor for safe inheritance
      virtual ~Module();
 
      //! Processing function, version that receives a frame from camera and sends a frame out over USB
      /*! This function is called once for each grabbed video frame from the camera, and it should complete within the
          camera's frame period in order to avoid dropping frames. The InputFrame and OutputFrame objects are simple
          wrappers to ensure that the low-level video buffers will always be returned to the low-level camera and USB
          drivers even if the process function throws at any point during the processing. If any error occurs, it is
          hence ok to throw from within process() at any time, just make sure your locally allocated resources will be
          freed, which is usually best achieved by using shared_ptr and similar wrappers around them. The Engine (which
          calls process() on your module for every frame) will catch any exception an proceed to the next frame. 
 
          Default implementation in the base class just throws. Derived classes should override it. */
      virtual void process(InputFrame && inframe, OutputFrame && outframe);
 
      //! Processing function, version that receives a frame from camera and does not use USB
      /*! This function is called once for each grabbed video frame from the camera, and it should complete within the
          camera's frame period in order to avoid dropping frames. The InputFrame object is a simple wrapper to ensure
          that the low-level video buffers will always be returned to the low-level camera driver even if the process
          function throws at any point during the processing. If any error occurs, it is hence ok to throw from within
          process() at any time, just make sure your locally allocated resources will be freed, which is usually best
          achieved by using shared_ptr and similar wrappers around them. The Engine (which calls process() on your
          module for every frame) will catch any exception an proceed to the next frame.
 
          Default implementation in the base class just throws. Derived classes should override it. */
      virtual void process(InputFrame && inframe);
 
#ifdef JEVOIS_PRO
      //! Processing function, version that receives a frame from camera, no USB, but GUI output on JeVois-Pro
      /*! This function is called once for each grabbed video frame from the camera, and it should complete within the
          camera's frame period in order to avoid dropping frames. The InputFrame object is a simple wrapper to ensure
          that the low-level video buffers will always be returned to the low-level camera driver even if the process
          function throws at any point during the processing. If any error occurs, it is hence ok to throw from within
          process() at any time, just make sure your locally allocated resources will be freed, which is usually best
          achieved by using shared_ptr and similar wrappers around them. The Engine (which calls process() on your
          module for every frame) will catch any exception an proceed to the next frame.
 
          Default implementation in the base class just throws. Derived classes should override it. */
      virtual void process(InputFrame && inframe, GUIhelper & helper);
#endif
      
      //! Send a string over the 'serout' serial port
      /*! The default implementation just sends the string to the serial port specified by the 'serout' Parameter in
          Engine (which could be the hardware serial port, the serial-over-USB port, both, or none; see \ref UserCli for
          information about \c serout). No need to override in most cases. Typically, you would use this function from
          within process() to send out some results of your processing.
 
          Note that the default 'serout' Parameter setting in Engine is None. This is to allow users to configure
          parameters, get parameter values, possibly read the help message, etc before the flow of serial outputs from
          vision processing starts. Once ready to receive serial outputs, one would typically issue a command 'setpar
          serout Hard' over the JeVois command line to enable serial outputs to the hardware serial port. An Arduino
          would issue that setpar commands when it is ready to work. See ArduinoTutorial for an example. */
      virtual void sendSerial(std::string const & str);
 
      //! Receive a string from a serial port which contains a user command
      /*! This function may be called in between calls to process() with any received string from any of the serial
          ports. Some commands are parsed upstream already (like "help", set param value, set camera control, etc; see
          the Engine class) and will not be received here. Only the ones not recognized by the Engine will be received
          (i.e., custom commands specific to your module).
 
          The default implementation just throws std::runtime_error("Unsupported command"), but some modules may want to
          override this function to handle custom commands. If you successfully process the command, just return;
          otherwise, throw, and if your exception derives from std::exception, the Engine will append its what() to the
          error message issued to the user. When you support commands here, you should update the implementation of
          supportedCommands() to provide some description of those commands to the users.
 
          The \c s parameter is the serial port that received the command. You can send any results back to that port
          using writeString() on it. Note that the Engine will automatically add the 'OK' message upon success, so you
          do not have to send that here. */
      virtual void parseSerial(std::string const & str, std::shared_ptr<UserInterface> s);
 
      //! Human-readable description of this Module's supported custom commands
      /*! The format here is free. Just use std::endl to demarcate lines, these will be converted to the appropriate
          line endings by the serial ports. Default implementation writes "None" to os. */
      virtual void supportedCommands(std::ostream & os);
  };
 
  namespace module
  {
    static ParameterCategory const ParamCateg("Module Serial Message Options");
 
    //! Enum for Parameter \relates jevois::StdModule
    JEVOIS_DEFINE_ENUM_CLASS(SerStyle, (Terse) (Normal) (Detail) (Fine) )
    
    //! Parameter \relates jevois::StdModule
    JEVOIS_DECLARE_PARAMETER(serstyle, SerStyle, "Style for standardized serial messages as defined in "
                             "http://jevois.org/doc/UserSerialStyle.html",
                             SerStyle::Terse, SerStyle_Values, ParamCateg);
 
    //! Parameter \relates jevois::StdModule
    JEVOIS_DECLARE_PARAMETER(serprec, unsigned int, "Number of decimal points in standardized serial messages as "
                             "defined in http://jevois.org/doc/UserSerialStyle.html",
                             0U, jevois::Range<unsigned int>(0U, 10U), ParamCateg);
 
    //! Enum for Parameter \relates jevois::StdModule
    JEVOIS_DEFINE_ENUM_CLASS(SerStamp, (None) (Frame) (Time) (FrameTime) (FrameDateTime) )
 
    //! Parameter \relates jevois::StdModule
    JEVOIS_DECLARE_PARAMETER(serstamp, SerStamp, "Prepend standardized serial messages with a frame number, "
                 "time, frame+time, or frame+date+time. See details in "
                 "http://jevois.org/doc/UserSerialStyle.html",
                             SerStamp::None, SerStamp_Values, ParamCateg);
 
    //! Enum for Parameter \relates jevois::StdModule
    JEVOIS_DEFINE_ENUM_CLASS(SerMark, (None) (Start) (Stop) (Both) )
 
    //! Parameter \relates jevois::StdModule
    JEVOIS_DECLARE_PARAMETER(sermark, SerMark, "Send serial message to mark the beginning (MARK START) of the "
                 "processing of a video frame from the camera sensor, the end (MARK STOP), or both. "
                 "Useful, among others, if one needs to know when no results were sent over serial "
                 "on a given frame. Combine with parameter serstamp if you need to know the frame number.",
                             SerMark::None, SerMark_Values, ParamCateg);
  }
  
  //! Base class for a module that supports standardized serial messages
  /*! Modules that can output standardized serial messages should derive from StdModule instead of Module. StdModule
      brings in extra parameters to set serial message style and precision, and extra member functions to assemble,
      format, and send standardized serial messages. The process(), sendSerial(), parseSerial(), supportedCommands(),
      etc of StdModule functions are directly inherited from Module. See \ref UserSerialStyle for standardized serial
      messages. \ingroup core */
  class StdModule : public Module,
            public Parameter<module::serprec, module::serstyle, module::serstamp, module::sermark>
  {
    public:
      //! Constructor
      /*! the instance is a user-defined string that may be used to differentiate between several instances of the
          same module. */
      StdModule(std::string const & instance);
 
      //! Virtual destructor for safe inheritance
      virtual ~StdModule();
 
      //! Send standardized 1D message for an X image coordinate
      /*! See \ref UserSerialStyle for more info. Coordinates should be in camera image pixels, this function will
          convert them to standardized coordinates as per \ref coordhelpers. */
      void sendSerialImg1Dx(unsigned int camw, float x, float size = 0.0F, std::string const & id = "",
                            std::string const & extra = "");
 
      //! Send standardized 1D message for a standardized X coordinate
      /*! See \ref UserSerialStyle for more info. Coordinates should be in camera image pixels, this function will
          convert them to standardized coordinates as per \ref coordhelpers. */
      void sendSerialStd1Dx(float x, float size = 0.0F, std::string const & id = "", std::string const & extra = "");
 
      //! Send standardized 1D message for an Y image coordinate
      /*! See \ref UserSerialStyle for more info. Coordinates should be in camera image pixels, this function will
          convert them to standardized coordinates as per \ref coordhelpers. */
      void sendSerialImg1Dy(unsigned int camh, float y, float size = 0.0F, std::string const & id = "",
                            std::string const & extra = "");
 
      //! Send standardized 1D message for a standardized Y coordinate
      /*! See \ref UserSerialStyle for more info. Coordinates should be in camera image pixels, this function will
          convert them to standardized coordinates as per \ref coordhelpers. */
      void sendSerialStd1Dy(float y, float size = 0.0F, std::string const & id = "", std::string const & extra = "");
 
      //! Send standardized 2D message for image coordinates
      /*! Use this function if you only know location and optionally size. Use the other variants if you have the
          corners. An upright rectangular shape will be assumed here. See \ref UserSerialStyle for more
          info. Coordinates should be in camera image pixels, this function will convert them to standardized
          coordinates as per \ref coordhelpers. */
      void sendSerialImg2D(unsigned int camw, unsigned int camh, float x, float y, float w = 0.0F, float h = 0.0F,
                           std::string const & id = "", std::string const & extra = "");
      
      //! Send standardized 2D message for standardized coordinates
      /*! Use this function if you only know location and optionally size. Use the other variants if you have the
          corners. An upright rectangular shape will be assumed here. See \ref UserSerialStyle for more
          info. Coordinates should be in camera image pixels, this function will convert them to standardized
          coordinates as per \ref coordhelpers. */
      void sendSerialStd2D(float x, float y, float w = 0.0F, float h = 0.0F,
                           std::string const & id = "", std::string const & extra = "");
 
      //! Send standardized 2D message for polygons in image coordinates
      /*! Use this function if you have a polygon around your object, for example, one of the contours found with
          cv::findContours(), or if you have the 4 corners of a rectangular object. See \ref UserSerialStyle for more
          info. Coordinates should be in camera image pixels, this function will convert them to standardized
          coordinates as per \ref coordhelpers. For \b Terse serial style, the center of gravity of the points will be
          computed and output; for \b Normal, an upright bounding rectangle will be computed and output; for \b
          Detailed, a rotated bounding rectangle will be computed and output; for \b Fine, all the given points will
          be output. Make sure you try to reduce the number of points so the message is not too long; for example see
          OpenCV approxPolyDP() or similar. */
      template <typename T = int>
      void sendSerialContour2D(unsigned int camw, unsigned int camh, std::vector<cv::Point_<T> > points,
                                std::string const & id = "", std::string const & extra = "");
 
      //! Send standardized 3D message
      /*! Use this function if you only know location and optionally size and an orientation quaternion. Use the other
          variants if you have a bunch of vertices. See \ref UserSerialStyle for more info. Coordinates should be in
          millimeters. */
      void sendSerialStd3D(float x, float y, float z, float w = 0.0F, float h = 0.0F, float d = 0.0F,
                           float q1 = 0.0F, float q2 = 0.0F, float q3 = 0.0f, float q4 = 0.0F,
                           std::string const & id = "", std::string const & extra = "");
 
      //! Send standardized 3D message
      /*! Use this function if you only know location and optionally size and an orientation quaternion. Use the other
          variants if you have a bunch of vertices. See \ref UserSerialStyle for more info. Coordinates should be in
          millimeters. */
      void sendSerialStd3D(std::vector<cv::Point3f> points, std::string const & id = "",
                           std::string const & extra = "");
 
      //! Send a standardized object recognition message
      /*! \param res should be a list of scores and category names, in descending order of scores. Note that no message
          is sent if the vector is empty. */
      void sendSerialObjReco(std::vector<ObjReco> const & res);
 
      //! Send a standardized object detection + recognition message
      /*! \param res should be a list of scores and category names, in descending order of scores. Note that no message
          is sent if the vector is empty. See sendSerialImg2D() for info about the object box. */
      void sendSerialObjDetImg2D(unsigned int camw, unsigned int camh, float x, float y, float w, float h,
                 std::vector<ObjReco> const & res);
 
      //! Send a standardized object detection + recognition message
      /*! \param res should be a list of scores and category names, in descending order of scores. Note that no message
          is sent if the vector is empty. See sendSerialImg2D() for info about the object box. */
      void sendSerialObjDetImg2D(unsigned int camw, unsigned int camh, ObjDetect const & det);
     
    protected:
      friend class jevois::Engine;
      
      //! Send a message <b>MARK START</b> to indicate the beginning of processing
      /*! A stamp may be prepended depending on param \p serstamp. Engine calls this automatically so users would
      normally not use this function. Note that this function may not send anything depending on the current
      value of parameter \p sermark. */
      void sendSerialMarkStart();
 
      //! Send a message <b>MARK STOP</b> to indicate the end of processing
      /*! A stamp may be prepended depending on param \p serstamp. Engine calls this automatically so users would
      normally not use this function. Note that this function may not send anything depending on the current
      value of parameter \p sermark. */
      void sendSerialMarkStop();
      
      //! Get a string with the frame/date/time stamp in it, depending on serstamp parameter
      std::string getStamp() const;
  };
}
 
//! Register a module, allowing it to be dynamically loaded from a .so file
/* \def JEVOIS_REGISTER_MODULE(MODULENAME)
   \hideinitializer 
 
   Every module implementation file should contain a call to JEVOIS_REGISTER_MODULE for the module's class. This creates
   some plain-C entry points that will be used when the module is loaded from a dynamic library (.so) file to
   instantiate the module.  \relates Module */
#define JEVOIS_REGISTER_MODULE(MODULENAME)                              \
  extern "C" std::shared_ptr<jevois::Module> MODULENAME##_create(std::string const & instanceid) \
  { return std::shared_ptr<jevois::Module>(new MODULENAME(instanceid)); } \
  extern "C" int MODULENAME##_version_major() { return JEVOIS_VERSION_MAJOR; } \
  extern "C" int MODULENAME##_version_minor() { return JEVOIS_VERSION_MINOR; } \
 
//! Create and register a disabled module, allowing it to be dynamically loaded from a .so file
/* \def JEVOIS_DISABLED_MODULE(MODULENAME)
   \hideinitializer 
 
   Use this macro when creating modules that only work on a given host/platform A33/Pro configuration. For example,
   modules using the A311D NPU can only be compiled on jevois-pro platform. Typically, you would then do:
   \code
#include <jevois/Core/Module.H>
 
#ifdef JEVOIS_PLATFORM_PRO
  class MyModule { ... };
 
  JEVOIS_REGISTER_MODULE(MyModule);
#else
  JEVOIS_DISABLED_MODULE(MyModule);
#endif
  \endcode
  \relates Module */
#define JEVOIS_DISABLED_MODULE(MODULENAME)                              \
  class MODULENAME : public jevois::Module {                            \
    public:                                                             \
      MODULENAME(std::string const & instancename) : jevois::Module(instancename) \
        { throw std::runtime_error("This module is disabled on your hardware configuration"); } \
  };                                                                    \
  extern "C" std::shared_ptr<jevois::Module> MODULENAME##_create(std::string const & instanceid) \
  { return std::shared_ptr<jevois::Module>(new MODULENAME(instanceid)); } \
  extern "C" int MODULENAME##_version_major() { return JEVOIS_VERSION_MAJOR; } \
  extern "C" int MODULENAME##_version_minor() { return JEVOIS_VERSION_MINOR; } \